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Other Drugs

Kava

Introduction to Kava

Kava is a drink made from the Piper Methysticum plant. It is widely used in Pacific communities, largely for ceremonial purposes.

Kava is usually made by mixing a dry powered root with water. The strength of kava depends on the plant from which it is prepared and the preparation methods.

Kava resin contains active chemicals know as kava lactones. While 15 lactones have been identified, six are thought to account for the majority of kava's effects.

Health Effects

It is fair to say that reliable information on kava is limited.

Certainly in New Zealand there is limited information on the prevalence of kava use, however, there is also a dearth of reliable information on the short- and long-term health effects of kava abuse.

Kava is a depressant and as such it slows down the central nervous system. It is usually drunk and is absorbed through the stomach into the bloodstream.

Low to moderate use typically causes:
  • relaxation
  • numbness
  • sleepiness
  • decreased appetite.
Higher doses are associated with intoxication and include:
  • reddened and dilated eyes
  • decreased co-ordination
  • nausea
  • increased sleepiness
  • mild analgesia.
Long-term kava is associated with weight loss, malnutrition, liver damage and scaly skin. Often health suffers and a disinterest in life, family, etc. has been reported.

Kava may also contribute to a lower platelet volumes and pulmonary hypertension.

The sharing of cups and poor preparation methods has contributed to the transmission of hepatitis B.

Government Action

The Australia New Zealand Food Authority is presently considering a labeling standard for kava.

Further Information

1. Matthews, J., Riley, M., Fejo, L. et al. 1988. Effects of the heavy usage of kava on physical health: summary of a pilot survey in an Aboriginal community. Medical Journal of Australia, June 1988, Vol. 148.

2. Prescott, J., Jamieson, D., Emdur, N. & Duffield, P. 1993. Acute effects of kava on measures of cognitive performance, physiological function and mood. Drug and Alcohol Review, No. 12, Vol. 49, pp. 58.

3. Spillane, P. 1997. Neurological manifestations of kava intoxication. Medical Journal of Australia, August 1997, Vol. 167.

4. Media Release, 16 January 2002, Ministry looking at overseas concerns about kava and liver damage.



Legal | newzealand.govt.nz | Minister of Health